The padel court pretty much follows the same layout as a tennis court, except everything looks to be in miniature!
Aside from the size, the most distinguishing characteristic of the padel court is that it is entirely enclosed. The back walls and part of the side walls are solid and made of glass or concrete. Balls can be played off of these solid walls, as they are more or less considered part of the court's playing area. The remaining walls, as well as the areas above the solid walls, are made of wire meshing and cannot be played off of.
As for the measurements, it's a 10-meter by 20-meter court, with a net across the middle that therefore splits the court into two equal 10-meter by 10-meter squares. The service line is 3 meters from the very back of the court, and the area between the service line and the net is divided into equal zones by the perpedendicular "central service line".
As for the surface of the court, it's generally green, blue or terracotta in color and made of a porous material like concrete, cement or synthetic material. Though rare, some courts are made of short artificial grass, as long as water accumulation is avoided.